An
equipotential surface is a surface with a constant value of potential at all
points on the surface. For a single charge q, the
potential is given by
This shows that V is a constant if r is constant. Thus,
equipotential surfaces of a single point charge are concentric spherical
surfaces centre at the charge.
No work in done in moving from
one point to another in equipotential surface.
For a uniform electric field E, say, along the x
-axis, the equipotential surfaces are planes normal to the x -axis, i.e.,
planes parallel to the y-z plane. Equipotential surfaces for (a) a dipole and
(b) two identical positive charges are shown in Fig.
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